Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries

Progress Towards the Millennium Development Goals



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Title
Technologies Options For Excreta Disposal

Abstract
Safe disposal of excreta, so that it does not contaminate the environment, water, food or hands, is essential for ensuring a healthy environment and for protecting personal health. This can be accomplished in many ways, some requiring water, others requiring little or none. Regardless of method, the safe disposal of human faeces is one of the principal ways of breaking the faecal–oral disease transmission cycle. Sanitation is therefore a critical barrier to disease transmission.

Plans for locating sanitation facilities, and for treating and removing waste, must consider cultural issues, particularly as sanitation is usually focused on the household. Excreta disposal may be a difficult subject for a community to discuss: it may be taboo, or people may not like to discuss issues they regard as personal and unclean. In some cases, people may feel that sanitation facilities are not appropriate for children, or that children’s faeces are not harmful. In others, separate facilities may be required for men and women, and it may be necessary to locate the facilities so that no one can be seen entering the latrine building. If the disposal facilities smell and are a breeding ground for flies, people may not use them.


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